Fibre Optic Patch Cables FAQs

Fibre optic cables are a high-speed data transmission medium. Data is transmitted through the cable via rapid pulses of light. As the data is transmitted via light waves, they provide the fastest data transfer rates of any data transmission medium. They are also less susceptible to noise and interference compared to copper wires or telephone lines. Fibre optic cables are used in wide variety of applications including: Medical, Defence/government, data transmission, telecommunications, networking, industrial/Commercial and broadcast/CATV.

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A fibre optic cable consists of five main components: core, cladding, coating, strengthening fibres, and cable jacket.

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The two common types of fibre optic cables are: Single mode fibre optic cable and multimode fibre optic cables.

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OFNP (Optical Fibre Non-conductive Plenum Cable), OFCP (Optical Fibre Conductive Plenum Cable), OFCR (Optical Fibre Conductive Rise Cable), OFNG (Optical Fibre Nonconductive General-Purpose), OFCG (Optical Fibre Conductive General-Purpose), OFN (Optical Fibre Nonconductive), OFC (Optical Fibre Conductive) and OFNR (Optical Fibre Nonconductive Rise Cable) are the eight levels of fire resistance for both non-conductive and conductive cables specified by NEC (National Electrical Code).

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A fibre optic connector terminates the end of an optical fibre. The connectors mechanically couple and align the cores of fibres so that light can pass. The common types of fibre optic connectors are: ST, LC, SC, FC, MT-RJ and SCA.The connectors differ from each other in terms of their application (short/long distance), size and handling. All of these types of connectors can be used with either multimode or single mode fibre. We provide fibre optic patch leads with a variety of connector combinations such as LC-LC, LC-SC, SC-ST and so forth.Incase you are looking for fibre optic patch leads with connector combinations other than the ones available on our website, kindly contact us.

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ST Connectors are one of the most commonly used fibre optic connectors which are used for both short and long distance applications. They have a bayonet mount and a long non-rotating 2.5mm cylindrical Ferrule to hold the fibre.

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SC and LC Connectors differ from each other in terms of the size of the ferrule and their handling.LC (1.25mm) Connectors is half the size of SC (2.5mm).Also, in terms of handling SC is a true “push-pull-connector” whereas LC is most commonly a “latched connector”.

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The FC was the first optical fibre connector to use a ceramic ferrule, but unlike the plastic bodied SC and LC, it utilizes a round screw-type fitment made from nickel-plated or stainless steel. The connector end face relies on an alignment key for correct insertion and is then tightened into the adaptor/jack using a threaded collet.

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Multimode fibre optic cables have a large diametric core that allows multiple modes of light to propagate. Because of this, the number of light reflections created as the light passes through the core increases, creating the ability for more data to pass through at a given time. Because of the high dispersion and attenuation rate with this type of fibre, the quality of the signal is reduced over long distances. This application is typically used for short distances.

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At present, there are five commonly used multimode fibres: OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4 and OM5.

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OM1 cable typically comes with an orange jacket and has a core size of 62.5 micrometres (µm). It can support 10 Gigabit Ethernet at lengths up 33 meters. It is most commonly used for 100 Megabit Ethernet applications. OM1 cables work with LED-based equipment.

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OM2 cable typically comes with an orange jacket and has a core size of 50 micrometres (µm). It supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet at lengths up to 82 meters but is more commonly used for 1 Gigabit Ethernet applications. OM2 cables work with LED-based equipment.

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OM3 has a suggested jacket colour of aqua and has a core size of 50 micrometres (µm). It supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet at lengths up to 300 meters. Besides OM3 is able to support 40 Gigabit and 100 Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters. 10 Gigabit Ethernet is its most common use. OM3 fibre is optimized for laser based equipment that uses fewer modes of light.

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OM4 has a suggested jacket colour of aqua and has a core size of 50 micrometres (µm). It supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet at lengths up 550 meters and it supports 100 Gigabit Ethernet at lengths up to 150 meters. OM4 fibre is optimized for laser based equipment that uses fewer modes of light.

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OM5 multimode fibre is the advanced version of the OM4 fibre. It is a Wideband multimode fibre (WBMMF) that can support wavelengths between 850nm and 953nm. It is also designed to support the short wavelength division multiplexing (SWDM)—one of the new technology for 40G/100G connection.

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Single mode fibre cables have a small diametric core that allows only one mode of light to propagate. Due to this, the number of light reflections created as the light passes through the core decreases, lowering attenuation and creating the ability for the signal to travel further. This application is typically used in long distance, higher bandwidth runs.

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There are two standard types of single mode fibre cables which are: OS1 and OS2.

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OS1 Single mode fibre cable is mainly for indoor use i.e. Campus, Data Centre. Cabling is tight buffered (i.e. manufactured into solid medium). The attenuation of an OS1 fibre is slightly higher than an OS2 fibre.

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OS2 Single mode fibre cable is an outdoor loose tube optical fibre cable and is suitable for outdoor applications where the cabling process applies no stress to the optical fibres. The attenuation of an OS2 fibre is lower than an OS1 .This cable type over the distance will allow 1 to 10 gigabit Ethernet depending on the switch module you install.

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We provide some of the popular fibre optic cable jackets like LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) and PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride). PE (Polyethylene) and PVDF (Polyvinyl Difluoride) are the other common types of fibre optic cable jackets. As the bare fibre can be broken easily, fibre optic cable jacket is needed to provide protection and shielding to the conductors within the cable. The cable jacket is the first in line moisture, mechanical, flame and chemical defence for a fibre cable.

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LSZH jacket is free of halogenated materials which can be transformed into toxic and corrosive matte during combustion. LSZH materials are used to make a special cable called LSZH cable, which is a good choice for inner installations.

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PVC is usually low-cost, flexible, fairly rugged, and a flame/oil-resistant material, so it can be formulated to function in a variety of environments and applications. In other words, it can be used as the jacket materials for both indoor and outdoor cables.

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PE has excellent properties of moisture and weather resistance, and has the good electrical properties over a wide temperature range. It’s also abrasion resistant. So PE is the standard jacket material for outdoor fibre optic cables.

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PVDF is used for plenum cables, because it has better fire-retardant properties than PE and produces little smoke.

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